TENDÊNCIA TEMPORAL DE SÍFILIS CONGÊNITA, MORTALIDADE FETAL E INFANTIL NO BRASIL (2013-2022)

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the temporal trend in the incidence of congenital syphilis and events related to fetal and infant mortality according to maternal and child characteristics in Brazil. Method: Study based on data from cases of congenital syphilis, fetal and infant deaths recorded in the disease notification, live births, and mortality information systems in Brazil from 2013 to 2022. The analysis was performed using Prais-Winsten regression to calculate the Annual Percentage Change (APC) of morbidity and mortality coefficients. Results: An increase in the incidence rates of congenital syphilis in Brazil was observed, from 4.86 to 10.06 per 1,000 live births, with the highest growth recorded in the Southeast region. There was an increase in incidence among adolescents, from 15.56 cases per 1,000 live births (APR 10.58; 95% CI 5.13; 16.32). Among mothers who did not receive prenatal care, the incidence rate for congenital syphilis increased from 33.50 to 84.56 cases per 1,000 (VPA 10.17; 95% CI 5.32; 15.24). The trend in fetal mortality showed an increase, ranging from 0.10 to 0.16 per 1,000 live births (VPA 3.61; 95% CI 0.58; 6.74). Conclusion: The significant increase in the incidence of congenital syphilis and fetal mortality is mainly related to adolescent mothers and lack of prenatal care, reinforcing the need for improvements in the quality of prenatal care.