SCIENTISTS IN FLAMES
Ethics, religion, and power in the weapons of knowledge
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17564/2316-3801.2026v13n1p311-325Abstract
More than eight decades after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the ethical dilemmas surrounding scientific practice remain central. This article reflects on scientists’ moral responsibility for the use of their knowledge in contexts of power, conflict, and military instrumentalization. The trajectory of J. Robert Oppenheimer serves as a point of departure for examining the tension between technical reason and ethical duty in light of Immanuel Kant’s moral philosophy. Drawing on the Kantian maxim that human beings must never be treated merely as means but always as ends in themselves, the text analyzes the dissociation between scientific production and its practical consequences, showing how instrumental rationality—expressed in doctrines of deterrence and mutual destruction—undermines the ethical foundations of science. The article then broadens the debate to contemporary contexts marked by cultural and religious disputes, exploring the possibility of a universal scientific ethics. By connecting historical events with current conflicts, the analysis reaffirms that scientists cannot remain neutral toward the reality they help to transform. More than revisiting the past, the article questions the present: in a world where knowledge is intertwined with domination, what is the place of ethics?







