EFEITOS DA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO DE CHÁ VERDE SOBRE A PERDA DE PESO
Palavras-chave:
Chá verde, catequinas, composição corporal, Camellia sinensis, oxidação de gordura.Resumo
A prevalência da obesidade tem aumentado por várias décadas, sendo considerada, um problema de saúde mundial. Estima-se que, no ano de 2015, 700 milhões de pessoas serão obesas no mundo. Com esse aumento continuo de obesos, tornou-se crescente também o numero de pesquisas envolvendo suplementos ou drogas que modifiquem a composição corporal para perda de massa corporal gorda. Nesse contexto, o extrato de chá verde, tem recebido destaque na literatura cientifica. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar através de revisão de literatura, os mecanismos fisiológicos e o efeito da ingestão de chá verde na composição corporal e no metabolismo lipídico. O chá verde é uma das bebidas mais consumidas no mundo, e em sua composição estão presentes as catequinas, além da cafeína, sendo esses possíveis responsáveis pelos seus efeitos. Estudos em ratos mostraram efeitos benéficos quanto à melhoria da composição corporal. No entanto, em humanos, os resultados ainda são controversos em função da grande variação nas metodologias utilizadas. Além disso, é importante ressaltar que a maioria dos trabalhos que verificou efeitos benéficos, mostraram uma variação mínima na composição corporal tanto no repouso como no exercício. Os mecanismos fisiológicos envolvidos são a ativação do sistema nervoso central, inibição de enzimas reguladoras do metabolismo lipídico e o aumento da expressão de genes ativadores da oxidação de gordura.Downloads
Referências
ACHESON, K.J. et al. Metabolic effects of caffeine in humans: lipid oxidation or futile cycling? The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004; 79:40–6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14684395
ALTERIO, A. A.; FAVA, D. A. F.; NAVARRO, F. Interação da ingestão diária de chá verde (camellia sinensis) no metabolismo celular e na célula adiposa promovendo emagrecimento. Revista Brasileira de Obesidade, Nutrição e Emagrecimento. São Paulo v. 1, n. 3, p.27-37, Mai/Jun, 2007. www.rbone.com.br/index.php/rbone/article/view/26
ASL, B. H., et al. Impact of caffeine on weight changes due to ketotifen administration. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 2014, 4(1), 83-89. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24409414
AUVICHAYAPAT P.; PRAPOCHANUNG M.; TUNKAMNERDTHAI O SRIPANIDKULCHAI B. O.; AUVICHAYAPAT N.; THINKHAMROP B.; ET AL.; Effectiveness of green tea on weight reduction in obese Thais: A randomized, controlled trial. Physiology Behavior. 2008; 93(3): 486-91. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18006026
BERUBE-PARENT, S.; PELLETIER, C.; DORE, J.; TREMBLAY, A. Effects of encapsulated green tea and Guarana extracts containing a mixture of epigallocatechin-3-gallate and caffeine on 24 h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in men. British Journal of Nutrition. Vol. 94. 2005. p. 432-436. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16176615
CARDOSO, G. A.; SALGADO, J. M.; CESAR, M. C.; DONADO-PESTANA, C. M.The Effects of Green Tea Consumption and Resistance Training on Body Composition and Resting Metabolic Rate in Overweight or Obese Women. Journal of Medicinal Food, February 2013, 16(2): 120-127. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23140132
CONSIDINI, R.V., et al. Serum immunoreactiveleptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1996; 334(5):292-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8532024
CORNELIS, M.C.; EL-SOHEMY, A.; CAMPOS H. Genetic polymorphism of the adenosine A2A receptor is associated with habitual caffeine consumption. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2007; 86: 240–4. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17616786
CUNHA, C. A., et al. Green tea extract supplementation induces the lipolytic pathway, attenuates obesity, and reduces low-grade inflammation in mice fed a high-fat diet. Mediators of Inflammation, 2013, 2013: 635470. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2013/635470/
DAVOODI, S. H., et al. Caffeine treatment prevented from weight regain after calorie shifting diet induced weight loss. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 13 (2): 707-718. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237367
DEAN S, BRAAKHUIS A, PATON C. The effects of EGCG on fat oxidation and endurance performance in male cyclists. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 2009 Dec; 19(6): 624-44. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20175431
DULLOO, A. G.; DURET, C.; ROHRER, D.; GIRARDIER, L.; MENSI, N.; FATHI M., et al. Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in humans. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1999; 70(6): 1040–5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10584049
EICHENBERGER, P.; METTLER, S; ARNOLD, M; COLOMBANI, P. C. No effects of three-week consumption of a green tea extract on time trial performance in endurance-trained men. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. 2010 Jan; 80(1):54-64. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20533245
FRIEDMANN, J. M.; HALAAS, J. L. Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals. Nature. 1998; 395(22):763-70. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v395/n6704/full/395763a0.html
HASUMURA, T. et al. Green tea extract suppresses adiposity and affects the expression of lipid metabolism genes in diet-induced obese zebrafish. Nutrition & Metabolism. 2012, 9:73. http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/9/1/73
HODGSON, A. B.; RANDELL, R. K.; JEUKENFRUP, A. E. The Effect of Green Tea Extract on Fat Oxidation at Rest and during Exercise: Evidence of Efficacy and Proposed Mechanisms. Advances in Nutrition. 2013, 4: 129–140. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23493529
HODGSON, J. M.; PUDDEY, I. B.; BURKE, V; CROFT, K. D. Is reversal of endothelial dysfunction by tea related to flavonoid metabolism? British Journal of Nutrition, 2006; 95: 14–17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16441912
HODGSON, A.B. et al. Metabolic response to green tea extract during rest and moderate-intensity exercise. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 2013, 24: 325–334. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22974973
HURSEL, R; VIECHTBAUER, W; WESTERTERP-PLANTENGA, M. S. The effects of green tea on weight loss and weight maintenance: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Obesity, 2009; 33: 956–961. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19597519
HURSEL, R.; WESTERTERP-PLANTENGA, M. S. Consumption of Milk-Protein Combined with Green Tea Modulates Diet-Induced Thermogenesis. Nutrient. Vol. 3. 2011. p. 725-733. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22254119
ICHINOSE, T.; NOMURA, S.; SOMEYA, Y.; AKIMOTO, S.; TACHIYASHIKI, K; IMAIZUMI, K. Effect of endurance training supplemented with green tea extract on substrate metabolism during exercise in humans. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2011; 21(4): 598–605. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20459475
KAJIMOTO, O; KAJIMOTO, Y; YABUNE, M; NAKAMURA, T.; KOTANI, K.; SUZUKI, Y. et al. Tea catechins with a galloyl moiety reduce body weight and fat. Journal of Health Science. 2005; 51(2):161-71.
KIM, H.J. et al. Antilipogenic effect of green tea extract in C57BL/6J-Lep ob/ob mice. Phytotherapy Research. 2009; 23: 467–71. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.2647/abstract
KLAUS, S. et al. Epigallocatechingallate attenuates diet-induced obesity in mice by decreasing energy absorption and increasing fat oxidation. International Journal of Obesity. 2005; 29, 615–623. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15738931
KOPELMAN, P. G. Obesity as a medical problem. Nature. 2000, Vol. 404,. 6778: 635–643. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10766250
KOVACS, E. M. R.; LEJEUNE, M. P. G. M.; NIJS, I.; WESTWRTERP—PLANTENGA, M. S. Effects of green tea on weight maintenance after body-weight loss. British of Journal Nutrition. 2004; 91(3):431-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15005829
LAMARÃO, R. C.; FIALHO, E. Aspectos funcionais das catequinas do chá verde no metabolismo celular e sua relação com a redução da gordura corporal. Revista de Nutrição. Campinas, 22(2):257-269, mar./abr., 2009. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-52732009000200008
LU, C., et al. Green tea polyphenols reduce body weight in rats by modulating obesity-related genes. PLOS ONE, v.7, Ed. 6, Jun 2012. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22715380
MAKI, K. C et al. Green tea catechin consumption enhances exercise-induced abdominal fat loss in overweight and obese adults. Journal of Nutrition. 2009 Feb; 139 (2): 264-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19074207
MALIK, V.S. et al. Sugar-sweetened beverages, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease risk. CIRCULATION. 2010, 121:1356-1364. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/121/11/1356.short
MARIATH, A.B.; FISTAROL C.M.; NERBASS FB. Polifenóis: os seus principais efeitos benéficos. Nutrição Brasil. 2007; 6(5) 299-304.
MARTIN, B. J.; TAN, R. B.; GILLEN, J. B.; PERCIVAL, M. E.; GIBALA, M. J. No Effect of Short-Term Green Tea Extract Supplementation on Metabolism at Rest or During Exercise in the Fed-State. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 2014 Jun 5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24903465
MATSUYAMA T, TANAKA Y, KAMIMAKI I, NAGAO T, TOKIMITSU I. Catechin safely improved higher levels of fatness, blood pressure, and cholesterol in children. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008 Jun;16 (6):1338-48.
MORENO, M.F. et al. Metabolic profile response to administration of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in high-fat-fed mice. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome. 2014, 6:84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18356827
MURASE, T. et al. Reduction of diet-induced obesity by a combination of tea-catechin intake and regular swimming. International Journal of Obesity. 2006, 30, 561–568. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16247510
NAGAO, T.; KOMINE, Y.; SOGA, S.; MEGURO,S.; HASE, T.; TANAKA, Y.; TOKIMITSU, I. Ingestion of a tea rich in catechins leads to a reduction in body fat and malondialdehyde-modified LDL in men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Bethesda, v. 81, p. 122-129, 2005. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15640470
NAGAO, T.; HASE, T.; TOKIMITSU, I. A green tea extract high in catechins reducesbody fat and cardiovascular risks in humans. Obesity (Silver Spring), v.15, n. 6, p. 1473-1483, 2007. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17557985
NASCIMENTO, C. M. O.; RIBEIRO, E. B.; OYAMA, L. M.: Metabolism and secretory function of white adipose tissue: effect of dietary fat. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 2009, 81:453–466. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19722015
OLIVEIRA, Débora Bitencourt de; SANTOS, Tássia Mara Silva dos; NAVARRO, Antonio Coppi. Efeito do consumo do extrato de chá verde no emagrecimento em praticantes de exercício resistido. Revista Brasileira de Nutrição Esportiva, São Paulo. v. 4. n. 24.p. 454-461, 2010. http://www.rbne.com.br/index.php/rbne/article/view/216
OTAN, S. S.; SHIMOTOYODOME A.; HARAMIZU, S.; INABA, M; MURASE, T, et al. Effects of combination of regular exercise and tea catechins intake on energy expenditure in humans. Journal of Health Science. 2005; 51(2): 233-6.
RANDELL, R. K.; HODGSON, A. B.; LOTITO, S. B., et al. No effect of 1 or 7 days green tea extract ingestion on fat oxidation during exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2013; 45 (5): 883–91. http://www.sunphenon.com/weight-loss-studies/effects-of-combination-of-regular-exercise-and-tea-catechins-intake-on-energy-expenditure-in-humans/
RANDELL, R. K.; HODGSON, A. B.; LOTITO, S. B.; JACOBS, D. M., ROWSON, M.; MELA, D. J.; JEUKENDRUP, A. E. Variable duration of decaffeinated green tea extract ingestion on exercise metabolism. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2014 Jun; 46 (6):1185-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24172767
SAE-TAN, S.; GROVE, K. A.; KENNETT, M. J.; LAMBERT, J. D. Epigallocatechin-3 gallate increases the expression of genes related to fat oxidation in the skeletal muscle of high fat-fed mice. Food & Function. 2011, 2:111–116. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21779555
ST-ONGE, M.P. Dietary fats, teas, dairy, and nuts: potential functional foods for weight control? American journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2005, 81:7–15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15640454
SUGIURA, C. et al. Catechins and Caffeine Inhibit Fat Accumulation in Mice through the Improvement of Hepatic lipid metabolism. Journal of Obesity. 2012. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jobe/2012/520510/
THIELECKE F.; BOSCHMANN M. The potential role of green tea catechins in the prevention of the metabolic syndrome - a review. Phytochemistry. 2009; 70:11–24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19147161
TIAN, C. et al. Green tea polyphenols reduced fat deposits in high fat-fed rats via erk1/2-pparc-adiponectin pathway. PLOS ONE. vol.8, n,1, Jan 2013. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0053796
TRAYHURN P. Endocrine and signalling role of adipose tissue: new perspectives on fat. Acta Physiologica Scandinava. 2005; 184:285–293. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16026420
VAUGHAN, R. A., et al. Effects of commercially available dietary supplements on resting energy expenditure: a brief report. ISRN Nutrition. 2014. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2014/650264/
VENABLES, M. C.; HULSTON, C. J.; COX, H. R.; JEUKENDRUP, A. E. Green tea extract ingestion, fat oxidation, and glucose tolerance in healthy humans. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Bethesda, v. 87, p. 778-784, 2008. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18326618
WESENAUER V. Fitoterapia: Fitofármaco, Farmacologia e Aplicações clínicas. 2. ed. São Paulo: Pharmabooks, 2006.
WESTERTERP-PLANTENGA, M.S. et al. Body weight loss and weight maintenance in relation to habitual caffeine intake and green tea supplementation. Obesity Research, vol. 13, n. 7, July 2007. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16076989
WESTERTEP-PLANTENGA, M.S. Green tea catechins, caffeine and body-weight regulation. Physiology & Behavior. 2010; 100: 42–46. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20156466
WOLFRAM, S. et al. TEAVIGO (epigallocatechin gallate) supplementation prevents obesity in rodents by reducing adipose tissue mass. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2005; 49:54–63. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15735368
WU, C.H. et al. Relationship among habitual tea consumption, percent body fat distribution. Obesity Research. Vol. 11, n. 9, 1088-1095, September, 2003. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12972679
YAMASHITA, A. S, et al. Depot-specific modulation of adipokine levels in rat adipose tissue by diet-induced obesity: the effect of aerobic training and energy restriction. Cytokine. 2010; 52:168–174. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20728374
ZHANG, J; WIDER, B; SHANG, H.; LI, X.; ERNST, E. Quality of herbal medicines: challenges and solutions. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2012 Feb-Apr; 20 (1-2):100-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22305255
YANG, C. S.; LANDAU, J. M. Effects of Tea Consumption on Nutrition and health. Journal of Nutrition and Health. 2000; 130: 2409-12. http://jn.nutrition.org/content/130/10/2409
YANG, C. S.; WANG, X.; LU, G.; PICINICH, S.C. Cancer prevention by tea: animal studies, molecular mechanisms and human relevance. Nature Reviews Cancer. 2009, 9:429–439. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2829848/
YONEDA, T; SHOJI, K; TAKASE, H; HIBI, M; HASE, T; MEGURO, S, TOKIMITSU, I; KAMBE, H. Effectiveness and safety of 1-year ad libitum consumption of a high-catechin beverage under nutritional guidance. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. 2009 August; 7(4):349-56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19558270
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Secção
Licença
Oferece acesso livre e imediato ao seu conteúdo, seguindo o princípio de que disponibilizar gratuitamente o conhecimento científico contribui para a democratização do saber. Assume-se que, ao submeter os originais os autores cedem os direitos de publicação para a revista. O autor(a) reconhece esta como detentor(a) do direito autoral e ele autoriza seu livre uso pelos leitores, podendo ser, além de lido, baixado, copiado, distribuído e impresso, desde quando citada a fonte.
