ANTIBIOTECOTERAPIA: ALTERAÇÕES NA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL E SUAS CONSEQUÊNCIAS

Abstract

The consequences of antibiotic therapy caused by its irrational and abusive use can be considered a public health problem. The human microbiota is exposed to antimicrobials, and excess exposure can cause some short- and long-term problems. These antimicrobial-induced changes in the microbiota can indirectly and directly affect the health of the individual. In addition, the irrational use of these drugs can promote bacterial resistance, and the exposed human microbiota becomes a significant reservoir of resistance genes, contributing to the increasing difficulty in controlling bacterial infections. The work aims to approach and make individuals aware of the risks that the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials brings. This is an integrative literature review study where data collection was carried out in the SCIELO, PubMed, Google Scholar and Scientific Journals databases, during the period of March and May 2022, with the year of publication between 2011 to 2022, using keywords such as: antibiotic therapy, intestinal microbiota, antimicrobials, bacterial resistance. The association of antibiotic therapy with other factors that were also influenced by the use of antimicrobials was observed, and with this we have the possible consequences brought to the detriment of pregnant women, maternal-fetal relationship, obesity and depression. The consequences of inappropriate use of antimicrobials in the intestinal microbiota are related to several pathologies, including systemic, immunological and neurological, in addition to risk factors due to dysbiosis in their host. With this, it is clear that it is the responsibility of the pharmacist to address the rational use of antibiotic therapy and its possible effects when used incorrectly and without medical monitoring and prescription.

Keywords: antibiotic therapy; intestinal microbiota; antibiotics.